ABSTRACT
Under the influence of the COVID-19, people's awareness of physical health and immunity has increased significantly. Chitooligosaccharide is an oligomer of β-(1, 4)-linked D-glucosamine, furthermore, is one of the most widely studied immunomodulators. Chitooligosaccharide can be prepared from the chitin or chitosan polymers through enzymatically, chemically or physically processes. Chitooligosaccharide and its derivatives have been proven to have a wide range of biological activities including intestinal flora regulation, immunostimulant, anti-tumor, anti-obesity and anti-oxidation effects. This review summarizes the latest research of the preparation methods, biological activities in immunity and safety profiles of Chitooligosaccharide and its derivatives. We recapped the effect mechanisms of Chitooligosaccharide basing on overall immunity. Comparing the effects of Chitooligosaccharide with different molecular weights and degree of aggregation, a reference range for usage has been provided. This may provide a support for the application of Chitooligosaccharide in immune supplements and food. In addition, future research directions are also discussed. © 2023, Sociedade Brasileira de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, SBCTA. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The essential part of robots in the medical services framework is principal limiting individual to individual contact defilement and guaranteeing cleaning disinfection. Robots can be defined as an artificially intelligent physical systems capable of interrelating with the environment. The term robot was coined from the Czech what "robota" which implies serf/worker. Robots are classified as Receptionist robots, Surgical robots, Ambulance robots, Service robots, Telemedicine robots. During this pandemic, these mechanical frameworks can diminish the danger of irresistible illness transmission among forefront medical services laborers and afterward make it a potential advance to assess, accentuate, screen, and treat the patients from a safe distance, accordingly bringing down the responsibility of medical care staff. Robots are all around planned with UV light to sanitize the rooms and even themselves. Teleoperated robots in the medical care framework turn into the laborers' eyes, ears, and bodies in the Isolation Ward, which might be dependable during this COVID-19 pandemic. This mechanical innovation will assume a vital part during this basic stage in certain spaces of medical care framework like estimating pulse, oxygen immersion, observing essential signs. Low-cost, miniature robots can be easily assembled and controlled via remote, and this system includes an active end effector, a passive positioning arm and a detachable swap gripper with integrated force sensing capability. Robot execution in the fight against COVID-19 has received positive criticism from medical services laborers for its potential to obstruct disease and is successful in easing clinical specialists from repeated tasks. Copyright © 2022 Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: Healthcare students are among the group of frontline healthcare providers being exposed to COVID-19. As future healthcare providers, they will be responsible for recommending vaccination to their future patients and entrusted with counseling to their future vaccine-hesitant patients. Thus, it is very important to achieve high COVID-19 vaccination acceptance rates in these groups. This study aims to explore the level of the acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare students in India and determine the motivators and barriers factors that may affect vaccine acceptance decision-making. Method(s): After the second wave of the pandemic in 2021, an online cross-sectional questionnaire survey study was carried out among the intended population in many states of India. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to describe and formulate the frequency of all the variables, including the sociodemographic characteristics, and the factors associated with vaccine acceptance and hesitancy. Result(s): Among 596 respondents, 89.3% would willing to get accept a COVID-19 vaccine. Urban students were 2.5 times more willing to take vaccines compared to rural students. Motivator factors behind the willingness to get vaccinated were to know someone who had COVID-19 and wanted to protect own selves from COVID-19 (87.1%). Concerns regarding the COVID-19 vaccine's side effects (50%), poor vaccine efficacy (48.4%), unduly rapid vaccine development (39.1%), belief regarding the non-existence of COVID-19 (32%), and insufficient information regarding the COVID-19 vaccine's benefits (28.1%) as some of the possible barrier factors associated with hesitancy. Conclusion(s):The results highlight the need for an evidence-based educational interventional curriculum to provide adequate information regarding the Vaccine's safety/efficacy, promote uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine, and alleviate any fear/disbelief associated with the COVID-19 vaccine. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Under the influence of the COVID-19, people's awareness of physical health and immunity has increased significantly. Chitooligosaccharide is an oligomer of β-(1, 4)-linked D-glucosamine, furthermore, is one of the most widely studied immunomodulators. Chitooligosaccharide can be prepared from the chitin or chitosan polymers through enzymatically, chemically or physically processes. Chitooligosaccharide and its derivatives have been proven to have a wide range of biological activities including intestinal flora regulation, immunostimulant, anti-tumor, anti-obesity and anti-oxidation effects. This review summarizes the latest research of the preparation methods, biological activities in immunity and safety profiles of Chitooligosaccharide and its derivatives. We recapped the effect mechanisms of Chitooligosaccharide basing on overall immunity. Comparing the effects of Chitooligosaccharide with different molecular weights and degree of aggregation, a reference range for usage has been provided. This may provide a support for the application of Chitooligosaccharide in immune supplements and food. In addition, future research directions are also discussed. © 2023, Sociedade Brasileira de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, SBCTA. All rights reserved.